CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST

OBJECTIVE

To determine the California bearing ratio by conducting a load penetration test in the laboratory. 

NEED AND SCOPE

The california bearing ratio test is penetration test meant for the evaluation of subgrade strength of roads and pavements. The results obtained by these tests are used with the empirical curves to determine the thickness of pavement and its component layers. This is the most widely used method for the design of flexible pavement.

CONSOLIDATION TEST

OBJECTIVE

To determine the settlements due to primary consolidation of soil by conducting one dimensional test. 

NEED AND SCOPE

The test is conducted to determine the settlement due to primary consolidation. To determine :

1. Rate of consolidation under normal load.

UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST

OBJECTIVE

To find the shear of the soil by Undrained Triaxial Test.

 NEED AND SCOPE OF THE TEST

The standard consolidated undrained test is compression test, in which the soil specimen is first consolidated under all round pressure in the triaxial cell before failure is brought about by increasing the major principal stress.

It may be perform with or without measurement of pore pressure although for most applications the measurement of pore pressure is

UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST

OBJECTIVE

determine shear parameters of cohesive soil

NEED AND SCOPE OF THE EXPERIMENT

It is not always possible to conduct the bearing capacity test in the field. Some times it is cheaper to take the undisturbed soil sample and test its strength in the laboratory. Also to choose the best material for the embankment, one has to conduct strength tests on the samples selected. Under these conditions it is easy to perform the unconfined compression test on undisturbed and remoulded soil sample. Now we will investigate experimentally the strength of a given soil sample.

 PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION

DIRECT SHEAR TEST

Objective

To determine the shearing strength of the soil using the direct shear apparatus. 

NEED AND SCOPE

In many engineering problems such as design of foundation, retaining walls, slab bridges, pipes, sheet piling, the value of the angle of internal friction and cohesion of the soil involved are required for the design. Direct shear test is used to predict these parameters quickly. The laboratory report cover the laboratory procedures for determining these values for cohesionless soils. 

Vane Shear Test

OBJECTIVE 
To find shear strength of a given soil specimen.
NEED AND SCOPE

The structural strength of soil is basically a problem of shear strength.
Vane shear test is a useful method of measuring the shear strength of clay. It is a cheaper and quicker method. The test can also be conducted in the laboratory. The laboratory vane shear test for the measurement of shear strength of cohesive soils,
is useful for soils of low shear strength (less than 0.3 kg/cm²) for which triaxial or unconfined tests can not be performed. The test gives the undrained strength of the soil. The undisturbed and remoulded strength obtained are useful for evaluating the sensitivity of soil.

PROCTOR TEST

SCOPE

This method covers the determination of the relationship between the moisture content and density of soils compacted in a mould of a given size with a 2.5 kg rammer dropped from a height of 30 cm.

APPARATUS

PERMEABILITY TEST

A. CONSTANT HEAD

PERMEABILITY TEST

OBJECTIVE

To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method.

NEED AND SCOPE

�The knowledge of this property is much useful in solving problems

DENSITY INDEX/RELATIVE DENSITY TEST

RELATIVE DENSITY TEST

OBJECTIVE

To determine the relative density of given coarse grained material.

 PLANNING AND ORGANISATION

Cushioned steel vibrating deck 75�75 cm size, R.P.M : 3600 ; under a 115 kg load, 440V, 3 phase supply.

Two cylindrical metallic moulds, 3000 cc and 15000 cc.

DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENCY LIMITS

LIQUID LIMIT TEST

OBJECTIVE
1.Prepare soil specimen as per specification.
2.Find the relationship between water content and number of blows.
3.Draw flow curve.
4.Find out liquid limit.

NEED AND SCOPE

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION

I.SIEVE ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVE
(a). Select sieves as per I.S specifications and perform sieving.
(b). Obtain percentage of soil retained on each sieve.
(c). Draw graph between log grain size of soil and % finer.
NEED AND SCOPE OF EXPERIMEN

FIELD DENSITY TEST BY SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD

FIELD DENSITY TEST BY SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD

OBJECTIVE
Determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders.NEED AND SCOPE
The in situ density of natural soil is needed for the determination of bearing capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of slopes, for the determination of pressures on underlying strata for the calculation of settlement and the design of underground structures.

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OBJECTIVE
Determine the specific gravity of soil fraction passing 4.75 mm I.S sieve by density bottle.NEED AND SCOPE
The knowledge of specific gravity is needed in calculation of soil properties like void ratio, degree of saturation etc.

 DEFINITION

Specific gravity G is defined as the ratio of the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at that temperature both weights taken in air.

DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT

OBJECTIVEDetermine the natural content of the given soil sample.NEED AND SCOPE OF THE EXPERIMENT

In almost all soil tests natural moisture content of the soil is to be determined. The knowledge of the natural moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics. To sight a few, natural moisture content is used in determining the bearing capacity and settlement. The natural moisture content will give an idea of the state of soil in the field.